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Energy and Momentum
Overall Expectations
By the end of this course, students will:
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EMV.01 demonstrate an understanding of the concepts of work, energy, momentum, and the laws of conservation of energy and of momentum
for objects moving in two dimensions, and explain them in qualitative and quantitative terms;
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EMV.02 investigate the laws of conservation of momentum and of energy (including elastic and
inelastic collisions) through experiments or simulations, and analyse and solve problems involving these laws with the aid
of vectors, graphs, and free-body diagrams;
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EMV.3 analyse and describe the application of the concepts of energy and momentum to the design
and development of a wide range of collision and impact-absorbing devices used in everyday life.
Specific Expectations
Understanding Basic Concepts
By the end of this course, students will:
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EM1.01 define
and describe the concepts and units related to momentum and energy (e.g., momentum, impulse,work-energy theorem,
gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, thermal energy and its transfer [heat], elastic collision, inelastic
collision, open and closed energy systems, simple harmonic motion);
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EM1.02 analyse,
with the aid of vector diagrams, the linear momentum of a collection of objects, and apply quantitatively the law of conservation
of linear momentum;
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EM1.03 analyse
situations involving the concepts of mechanical energy, thermal energy and its transfer (heat), and the laws of conservation
of momentum and of energy;
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EM1.04 distinguish
between elastic and inelastic collisions;
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EM1.05 analyse
and explain common situations involving work and energy, using the work-energy theorem;
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EM1.06 analyse the factors affecting the motion of isolated celestial objects, and calculate the gravitational potential energy for
each system, as required;
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EM1.07 analyse isolated planetary and satellite motion and describe it in terms of the forms of energy and energy transformations
that occur (e.g., calculate the energy required to propel a spaceship from the Earth’s surface out of the Earth’s
gravitational field, and describe the energy transformations that take place; calculate the kinetic and gravitational potential
energy of a satellite that is in a stable circular orbit around a planet);
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EM1.08 state Hooke’s law and analyse it in quantitative terms.
Developing Skills of Inquiry and Communication
By the end of this course, students will:
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EM2.01 investigate
the laws of conservation of momentum and of energy in one and two dimensions by carrying out experiments or simulations and
the necessary analytical procedures (e.g., use vector diagrams to determine whether the collisions of pucks on an air table
are elastic or inelastic);
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EM2.02 design
and conduct an experiment to verify the conservation of energy in a system involving kinetic energy, thermal energy
and its transfer (heat), and gravitational and elastic potential energy (e.g., design and conduct an experiment to verify
Hooke’s law; develop criteria to specify the design, and analyse the effectiveness, through experimentation, of an “egg-drop”
container).
Relating Science to Technology, Society,
and the Environment
By the end of this course, students will:
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EM3.01 analyse
and describe, using the concepts and laws of energy and of momentum, practical applications of energy transformations
and momentum conservation (e.g., analyse and describe the operation of a shock absorber, and outline the energy transformations
that take place; analyse and explain, using scientific concepts and principles, the design of protective equipment developed
for recreational and sports activities; research and explain the workings of a clock);
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EM3.02 identify
and analyse social issues that relate to the development of vehicles (e.g., analyse, using their own or given criteria,
the economic and social costs and benefits of the development of safety devices in automobiles).
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